Edwards describes how a graphical user interface can be adapted to be accessible to blind people through the use of speech and nonspeech sounds.

Edwards, A. D. N., and S. Holland, eds. Multimedia Interface Design in Education. NATO ASI Series F: Computer and Systems Sciences, Vol. 76. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

This book includes several chapters on the use of nonspeech sounds, including earcons and music.

Edwards, A. D. N. "Modeling Blind Users' Interactions with an Auditory Computer Interface." Intl. J. Man-Mach. Stud. 30(5) (1989): 575--589.

Edwards describes a model of the interaction between blind users and a mouse-based interface using nonspeech sounds.

Edwards, A. D. N. "Soundtrack: An Auditory Interface for Blind Users." Hum.-Comp. Inter. 4(1) (1989): 45--66.

Edwards describes how a graphical user interface can be adapted to be accessible to blind people through the use of speech and nonspeech sounds.

Edwards, A. D. N. "Graphical User Interfaces and Blind People." In Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons, held July 1992 in Vienna, 114--119.

A summary of developments in making GUIs accessible to blind people by the addition of an auditory channel.

Edwards, A. D. N. "Evaluation of Outspoken Software for Blind Users." Technical Report YCS150, Department of Computer Science, University of York, 1991.

The evaluation of a commercial product that makes the Macintosh accessible to blind users through the addition of speech and nonspeech sounds.

Edwards, A. D. N., and S. Holland (eds.) Multimedia Interface Design in Education. NATO ASI Series F, Computer and Systems Sciences, Vol. 76. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

This is a collection of papers from a workshop. As suggested by the title, the emphasis is on use of multimedia in education, though naturally many of the conclusions have a broader significance. The authors come from a wide variety of backgrounds--both theoretical and practical and there is an emphasis on the use of multiple media within the human-computer interface, as well as the use of computers to control multimedia displays.

Edworthy, J., S. Loxley, and I. Dennis. "Improving Auditory Warning Design: Relationship Between Warning Sound Parameters and Perceived Urgency." Human Factors 33 (1991): 205--232.

The authors examine the role of both spectral and temporal parameters in conveying urgency. They identify nine parameters that contribute to perceived urgency and show how selected combinations of these parameters could convey varied levels of urgency. The parameters include spectral and envelope properties of sound bursts as well as temporal and melodic patterns across several bursts which are joined to formed an urgency alarm.

Edworthy, J., and R. D. Patterson. "Ergonomic Factors in Auditory Systems." In Proceedings of Ergonomics International '85, edited by I. D. Brown. Taylor and Frances, 1985.

An important paper on the design of speech and nonspeech sounds for use in aircraft cockpits.

Evans, B. "Correlating Sonic and Graphic Materials in Scientific Visualization." In Extracting Meaning from Complex Data: Processing, Display, Interaction, edited by E. J. Farrel, Vol. 1259, 154--162. SPIE, 1990.

Evans generated variable-pitch domain sonifications from a mathematical abstraction similar to that which generates fractal Julia Sets. He notes, in an analogy to cartographic color selection, that selection of a pitch domain may affect the aesthetic and informative quality of a "sonic map." He sonifies the mathematical model with quarter-tone (24 pitches per octave), chromatic (12 pitches per octave), diatonic (7 pitches per octave), and hexatonic (6 pitches per octave) scales. Informal results reveal that the quarter-tone scale better reflects the actual event, though the diatonic and hexatonic scales, which were more pleasing to listeners, sonified the process with less detail.